Manufacture and use of okganic



Patented May 22, 1934 UNITED s'rAr s 4 1,959,352 MANUFACTURE m use or oacamc COIWPO UNDS No Drawing; Application September 4, 1929,

Serial No. 390,424. In Great Britain Septembet 8, 1928 8 Claims.

This invention relates to the manufacture of new products particularly applicable as dispersing agents, more especially for the'production of finely divided'suspensions ordispersions of insoluble or difliculty soluble dyestuffs, and to the preparation of such dispersions and to the dyeing, printing, stencilling, or otherwise coloring therewith of materials made of or containing cellulose esters or cellulose ethers.

10 The present invention is concerned with the preparation and utilization of certain new watersoluble products which are particularly valuable as dispersing agents for insoluble or dificultly soluble compounds and'as Wetting agents.

According to the'present invention the new compounds are obtained by interaction of an aromatic compound, whether carbocyclic or heterocyclic, a sulphonating agent, and a'resin or a product derived therefrom,

termed resino-aromatic complexes. The three components, aromatic compound, resin and sulphonating agent may be caused to interact simultaneously orany two may be caused to interact and the product of such interaction allowed to react with the third component.

The manufacture" of the new compounds is best effected by sulphonating an aromatic compound with sulphuric acid of suitable strength andthencausing the product to-react with a resin either in the same solution,if necessary after suitable adjustment of the concentration of the acid, or as a separate operation. The sulphonation of the aromatic compound may however beefiected simultaneously with the reaction with the resin, for

example, a mixture of an aromatic compound and a resin maybe heated with a sulphonating agent.

As aromatic compounds which may be used according to the invention may be mentioned aromatic hydrocarbons or heterocyclic aromatic.

so compounds, especially dior poly-cyclic compounds, for example naphthalene, anthracene,

or carbazole or crude products containing them,

aromatic hydroxy compounds or crude products containing them, halogenated aromatic compounds, or the sulphonic acids of any of the aforementioned compounds but the invention is not restricted thereto; x

The new products either in the form of the free acids or in the form of their alkali or ammonium .60 salts are readily soluble in wateryielding solutions of a colloidal nature and have been found to be valuable dispersing and wetting agents.

According to a further feature of the invention insoluble or diflicultly soluble substances, for example insoluble or diflicultly soluble organic comand may bedry powdered substances or presence or absence of water or by forming, libcrating, or precipitating them in the presence of the dispersing agent, whereby preparations in liquid, paste, solid or powdered form may be produced as required. The dispersing action may also be assisted by theapplication of heat. The aqueous preparations may if desired be treated for the removal of part or thewhole of the water by evaporation or otherwise. Other protective colloids may be added to the preparations in orderto increase their stability or for other purposes.

- In some cases, and particularly when dispersions of insoluble organiccompounds, for example insoluble coloring matters, are'required, the dispersing action may be assisted by the addition of an'auxiliary substance capable of exerting a so solvent action on the. compound to be dispersed, for instance, the auxiliary solvents specified in United States patent specification No. 1,690,481 and application No. 152,517 filed 3rd December, 1926 now Patent 1,803,008 in connection with in- 35 soluble or difilcultly soluble coloring matters for cellulose acetate.

The new condensation products, as indicated above, are also applicable as wetting agents. They may'for example be added to any liquids to go facilitate the wetting of textile and other materials or substances therewith, or be mixed with the like to facilitate wetting, solution, dispersion, or the like on treatment with liquids. a i

The, new dispersing and wetting agents, as compared with resin soaps, the use of which as dispersing agents for insoluble coloring matters for cellulose acetate is described in United States patent application S. No. 176,289 filed 17th March,

1927, have the advantage of better solubility and greater stability in the presenceof acids or of calcium or other salts present in hard water. In the solid-statethe new condensation products form white to grey powders, and as previously indicated, dissolve in water yielding solutions of a colloidal nature.

Further, according to the invention, the coloration of materials made of or containing cellulose esters, for example cellulose acetate, or cellulose ethers, is efiected by .a process comprising baths, printing pastes, etc. themselves or may be treatment or capable of oloring'the same maybe i utilized for the purpose of the, present processes.

In the case of dyeing by the azoic or developprotective colloids.

prepared from more concentrated liquid, paste,

solid, or powdered preparations containing the substances and dispersing agent by suitable dilution with water with 'or without addition of further quantities of dispersing agentjand/or insoluble or dificultly soluble coloring matter or organic compound having an amnity for the cellulose; ester 1 ether material .under ment process, the base may be applied first diazo 1 tized on the material and; developed, or the developer component may be applied first and the color formed by treatment with-a suitable diazosolution, or the base and developer components may be applied separately or together and t ..e

material.

colorproduced by subsequent diazotization on t e Either the base, or the developer, or both may be applied in the form of dispersions obtained with the .,aid of. the new dispersing agents As instances of suitable bodies may be mentioned the coloring matters or organic com-- pounds or classes-of coloringmatters or compounds referred to inUnited States patent speci- 1,618,-413, 1,545,819, 1,600,277, 1,641,965, 1,618,415, 1,694,414, and 1,679,935,

fications Nos.

United State patent application-S. No.. 98,614

filed 30th March 1926, and British Patents N0s.-

- 239,470 and 283,08l, the coloring matters of United States patent application S. No. 287,646

filed 22nd June,1928 containing one or moreketo-acidylgroups and particlnarly aceto-acetyl groups, the nitror-diarylamines specified. in

, United States patent applications S. .Ncs. 311,252

and 311,253 both of 8th October, 1928, the unsull phonated thiazole derivatives of United States patent application S. No. 307,771 filed 22nd September, 1928, now- Patent 1,871,673 the azo dyes containing the xanthene' or thioxanthene nucleus of United States patent application S. No.

323,211 filed 1st December, 1928, and the azo dyes-of United States patent application S.,No.'

297,098 filed 2nd August, 1928 anthraquinone nucleus.

Though the process of the invention has been containing the i more particularly described with reference to the coloring of cellulose acetate it is also applicable to the coloration of materials made of or con taining other cellulose esters such for example ascellulose formate, propionate, or .butyrate, or

' the products obtained by the treatment ofalkalized cellulose with esterifying agents (e. g. the

. productkno wnasimmunized cottonobtained by ,means of p-toluene-sulpho-chloride), or made of or containing cellulose ethers such as methyl, ethylyo'r benzyl cellulose, or the corresponding condensation products of cellulose and glycols or other polyhydric alcohols. When the processes of the present invention are applied to the dyeing or otherwise coloring of mixed materials but are net to be regarded for 8 hours.

Lesasse comprising in addition tof cellulose. acetatepr other cellulose esters or ethers, fibres such as silk, wool, .01 cotton or other cellulosic fibres, natural or artificial, the said other fibres may be dyed with other dyestufis' before, after or toand in the same or contrasting shades according gether withthe cellulose ester or ether portion to the choice of dyestufismade'and-the affinity of the respective fibres therefor.

The following examples illustrate the invention as in anyway limit ing it:- 1

Example 1 I 500 parts of naphthalene aremixed with 500 parts of sulphuric acid monohydrate, and heated slowly to 160 0., and stirred atthis temperature for 10 hours. 'I-hemixture is then allowed to cool to 0., and 200 parts of water are run in so slowly, that the temperature dces not rise.

above- C. At this temperature 200 partsof ture is slowly heated to 100 C., and kept at this temperature for 6 to 8 hours. The batch is'th enresin (colophony) areslo'wly added, and when Q all is in'and the frothing has'subsided, the mixcooled, diluted with 300 parts of water and partly solution. A quantity of insoluble resinous matter neutralized with 200 partsof 40% caustic soda agglomerates and is removed. A little salt is then added, when the product, hereinait'er referred to as resino-naphthaien sulphonic' acid, separates. The precipitate is filtered, washed with 16% brine, and dried. It is thus obtained as a light greypowder, easily and rapidly soluble in water. It has the further advantage of being readily obtained in a fine stateof subdivision.

Example 2 500 parts benzene are heated with 1100 parts of. 96% sulphuric acid and refluxedwith'stirring The mixture is cooled. to 50 C. and 50 parts of finely powdered resin are added in small portlons'and the temperature slowly raised to 100 C. and kept thereabouts for 6-8 hours. The batch is then. poured on to2500 parts of crushed iceandtheresulting liquid filtered from a little resinous matter.

After allowing to cool the acid is partly neu- 'tralized with 1000 parts 30% caustic soda solu- I tidnand about 500 parts salt. added whereby the resino-benzene sulphonic acid separates out,

and after a time is brine and dried. I Examples 500 parts-phenol are sulphonated by heating cooling to 70-80 050 parts, of powdered resin are added and the mixture stirred on the'water bath for two hours. The resulting mixture is then poured on to 3000 parts of ice, filtered and partly neutralized with 1000 parts of 30% caustic soda solution; 500 parts of salt-added and stirred filtered off, washed with;

' with 1400 parts 'of sulphuric acid at 110? Cf'until 'a test portion is-soluble in cold water.- After,

until cool,'when the. resino-phenol suiphonate separates as a grey powdery precipitate which is filtered, washedand dried.

Though specific reference hasbeen made only to the use of resins inthe process and to the introduction of sulphonic groups priorto or con"- currently withthe reaction between the resin and the aromatic compound it will be readily appreciated that the, resins maybe replaced by sub! stances derived therefrom, for example products.

4 agent to act on an unsubstituted aromatic hydroof hydrolysis, e. g. resin acids, or in some cases products of esteriiication, and that sulphonation may take place subsequently to the interaction Example 4 To obtain a blue violet shade on 100 lbs. of celluloseacetate woven fabric, 1 1b. of l-amino- 4-methylaminoanthraquinone is ground with 3 lbs. of the dry sodium salt of resino-naphthalene sulphonic acid and well stirred into 10 gallons of boiling water. The dyestuii dispersion thus obtained is strained into a bath of 300 gallons of water in a suitable dyeing machine "and the goods entered at 25-30 C. The temperature is raised over half an hour to C. and the goods worked at this temperature for one hour. The goods are then carefully lifted, rinsed and dried or otherwise treated as requisite.

Example 5 any other desired manner.

What we claim and desire tosecur e by Letters Patent is:-

1. Process of making water soluble sulphonated products comprising causing a sulphonating carbon and causing the sulphonated product to react with a natural resin.

2. Process of making water soluble sulphonated products comprising causing a sulphonating agent to act on an unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon and causing the sulphonated product to react with a natural resin inthe sulphonation mixture.

3. Process of making water soluble sulphonated products comprising causing a sulphonating agent to act on naphthalene'and causing the sulphonated product to react with a natural resin.

4. Process of making water soluble sulphonated products comprising causing a "sulphonating agent to act on naphthalene and causing the sulphonated product to react with a natural resin in the sulphonation mixture.

.5. Process of making, water soluble sulphonated products comprising sulphonating an unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon, causing the sulphonated product to react with a natural resin and converting the reaction product into a water soluble salt.

6. Process of making water soluble sulphonated products comprising causing a sulphonating agent to act on an unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon andcausing the sulphonated product to react with rosin.

7. Process oi. makingwater soluble sulphonated products comprising causing a sulphonating agent to act on naphthalene and causing the sulphonated product to react with rosin.

8. Process of making water soluble sulphonate products comprising sulphonating an unsubsti tuted arommatic hydrocarbon, causing the sulphonated product to react with rosin and convetting the reaction product into a water soluble salt.

GEORGE HOLLAND ELLIS. HENRY CHARLES OLPIN. ERNEST WILLIAM KIRK. 

